· Introduction This essay describes the main aspects of relativist qualitative research in social psychology. Generalised comparisons will be considered between the methodology of relativist qualitative and experimental research, reflecting their different epistemology's (what can be known about human behaviour), via issues of validity, reliability and generalisability A Qualitative Research Essay Deborah Sitorus Qualitative researchers are interested in understanding the meaning people have constructed, that is, how people make sense of their world and the experiences they have in the world · Qualitative Research Essay Words | 7 Pages Qualitative Research in Nursing Date of last revision: January 28, “Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts” -Albert Einstein INTRODUCTION • Qualitative research methods have become increasingly important as ways of developing nursing knowledge for evidence-based nursing practice
Qualitative Research Essay Example | Bartleby
To browse Academia. edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Skip to main content. edu no longer supports Internet Explorer, qualitative research essay. Log In Sign Up. Download Free PDF. A Qualitative Research Essay, qualitative research essay. Deborah Sitorus. Download PDF. Download Full PDF Package This paper.
A short summary of this paper. READ PAPER. Qualitative researchers are interested in understanding the meaning people have constructed, that is, how people make sense of their world and the experiences they have in the world. Merriam,p. It consists of a set of interpretive, material practices that makes the world visible. These practices transform the world. They turn the world into a series of representations, including field notes, interviews, conversations, photographs, qualitative research essay, recordings, and memos to the self.
At this level, qualitative research involves an interpretive, naturalistic approach to the world. This means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or to interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them. Snape and Spencer, The study also uses rigorous procedures and multiple methods for data collection which make the data real, rich and deep Cohen, A paradigm is essentially a worldview, a whole framework of beliefs, values and methods within which research takes place.
It is this world views within which been conducted from a large number of various paradigms that influence conceptual and meta-theoretical concerns of legitimacy, control, qualitative research essay, data analysis, ontology, and epistemology among others. Research conducted in the last 10 years has been characterized by a distinct turn toward more interpretive, post-modern, and critical practices Joubish et al, Though there are various definitions of interpretivism, for brevity I like Walsham's description, which posits that Interpretive methods of research start from the position that our knowledge of reality, including the domain of human action, is a social construction by human actors and that this applies equally to researchers.
Thus there is no objective qualitative research essay which can be discovered by researchers and replicated by others, in contrast to the assumptions of positivist science. The essential vocation of interpretive anthropology is not to answer our deepest questions, but to make available to us answers that others, guarding other sheep in other valleys, have given, and thus to include them in the consultable record of what man has said.
In Denzin's words, "Objective reality will never be captured. In depth understanding, the use of multiple validities, not a single validity, a commitment to dialogue is sought in any interpretive study" Denzin, qualitative research essay,p.
Quantitative and qualitative research do represent very different ways of thinking about the world, qualitative research essay. Holliday shared the distinction between qualitative and quantitative research that the belief in quantitative research that reality can be mastered by the right research instruments is normative. Qualitative research essay maintains that there is a normality that we can fathom and understand, qualitative research essay master by statistics and experiment.
The universe is organized in such a a way that can become clear to scientist. It therefore maintains that with the correct use of technique it is possible to reveal objectives facts. In contrast, qualitative research essay, the qualitative belief that the realities of the research setting ad the people in it are mysterious and can only be superficially touched by research which tries to make sense is interpretive.
It maintains that we can explore, catch glimpses, illuminate and then try to interpret bits of reality. Interpretation is as far as we can go.
In analyzing the data, both qualitative and quantitative research are also different. In quantitative research, qualitative research essay, the researcher relies on statistical analysis mathematical analysis of the data, which is typically in numeric form.
In qualitative research, statistics are not used to analyze the data; instead, the inquirer analyzes words e. Qualitative research essay than relying on statistical procedures, the qualitative researcher analyzes the qualitative research essay to group them into larger meanings of understanding, such as codes, categories, or themes Creswell, In addition, both qualitative and quantitative researchers are concerned with the individuals' point of view.
However, qualitative researchers think they can get closer to the actor's perspective through detailed-interviewing and observation. They argue that quantitative researchers are seldom able to capture their subjects perspective because they have to rely on more remote, inferential empirical methods and materials Denzin and Lincoln, Despite all these differences, one of the strengths of qualitative research design is that it often allows for far greater theoretically informed flexibility than in most quantitative research designs Silverman, The allure of qualitative research also enables the researcher to conduct in-depth studies about a broad array of topics, including the favorites, in plain and everyday qualitative research essay Yin, Furthermore, qualitative research designs tend to work with a relatively small number of cases.
Qualitative researchers typically study a relatively small number of individuals or situations and preserve the individuality of each of these in their analyses, rather than collecting data from large samples and aggregating the data across individuals or situations. Maxwell,p, qualitative research essay. There are qualitative research essay major types or design under this qualitative research: phenomenology, ethnography, case study research, grounded theory, and historical research.
Each approach, however, has some distinct characteristics and tends to have its own roots and following. Yin shares some qualitative research essay and the examples of those five major types of qualitative research:Phenomenology studies human events as they are immediately experienced in real-world settings, resisting prior categories and concepts that might distort the experiential basis for understanding the events.
It is a form of qualitative research in which the researcher attempts to understand how one or more individuals experience a phenomenon. For example, you might interview 20 widows and ask them to describe their experiences of the deaths of their husbands.
Ethnography is the form of qualitative research that focuses on describing the culture of a group of people. Note that a culture is the shared attitudes, values, norms, practices, qualitative research essay, language, and material things of a group of people. For qualitative research essay example qualitative research essay an ethnography, qualitative research essay, you might decide to go and live in a Mohawk communities and study the culture and their educational practices.
Case study research studies a phenomenon the "case" in its real-world context. For an example, you might study a classroom that was given a new curriculum for technology use. Grounded theory is a qualitative approach to generating and developing a theory form data that the researcher collects.
For an example, you might collect data from parents who have pulled their children out of public schools and develop a theory to explain how and why this phenomenon occurs, ultimately developing a theory of school pull-out.
Historical research studies about events that occurred in the past, qualitative research essay. An example, you might study the use of corporeal punishment in schools in the 19 th century. Qualitative research essay choice of those kinds of qualitative research of course depends on the type of information the researcher is seeking. Observation is a fundamental and highly important method in all qualitative inquiry Marshall and Rossman, In seeking to explore the natural scene, the qualitative researcher aims to be as unobtrusive as possible, so that neither research presence nor methods disturb the situation.
This is why participant observation is one of the favored approaches. Here, the researcher adopts a recognized role within the institution or group. Researchers have become, amongst other things, teachers, qualitative research essay, gang-members, pupils, nudists, hippies, qualitative research essay, bread salesmen, and medical students.
Some have therefore preferred non-participant observation, which today is the more common mode. Here, the researcher has only the role of researcher and observes situations of interest in that capacity. A lesson might be observed from the back of a qualitative research essay, or a playground from behind the sidelines. The researcher adopts 'fly on the wall' techniques to observe things as undisturbed by his or her presence as possible.
A great deal of qualitative material comes from talking with people whether it be through formal interviews or casual conversations. If interviews are going to tap into the depths of reality of the situation and discover subjects' meanings and understandings, it is essential for the researcher: to develop empathy with interviewees and win their confidence; to be unobtrusive, in order not to impose one's own influence on the interviewee Woods, The best technique for this is the qualitative research essay interview.
Here, the researcher has some general ideas about the topics of the interview, and may have an aide memoire of points that might arise in discussion for use as prompts, if necessary. But the hope is qualitative research essay those points will come up in the natural course of the discussion as the interviewee talks.
Besides observation, and interview, documents are also a useful source of data in qualitative research, but they have to be treated with care. According to McMillan and Schumacherthe most widely used are official documents newsletter, program brochures, school board reports, public statements, and news releasespersonal documents personal letter, diaries, and anecdotal recordsand questionnaires.
The collection of the data in qualitative research is ongoing. The researcher is continually observing people, qualitative research essay, events, and occurrences often supplementing his or her observation with in-depth interviews of selected participants and the examination of various documents and records relevant to the phenomenon of interest. Frankel et al, Validity, in qualitative research, refers to whether the findings of a study are true and certain-"true" in the sense that research findings accurately reflect the situation, and "certain" in the sense that research findings are supported by the evidence.
Qualitative research essay, to gain a better assessment of the validity and generality of the explanations that a researcher develops, qualitative research essay, qualitative research essay is needed Maxwell, Triangulation is a method used by qualitative researchers to check and establish validity in their studies by analyzing a research question from multiple perspectives.
Patton cautions that it is a common misconception that the goal of triangulation is to arrive at consistency across data sources or approaches; in fact, such inconsistencies may be likely given the relative strengths of different approaches, qualitative research essay. In Patton's view, these inconsistencies should not be seen as weakening the evidence, but should be viewed as an opportunity to uncover deeper meaning in the data.
Research should and does influence teaching and vice versabut the gulf between the two can at times seem large. Teachers are told to use "research-based strategies" and yet such strategies may be presented to them stripped of the very sensitivity to context, analytic rigor, and thoughtful skepticism that are the hallmarks of quality research, qualitative research essay. Nonetheless, the popularity of qualitative research has increased in the higher education field.
Qualitative research has made a significant contribution to our understanding of different aspects of the language learning experience. Major qualitative research essay and collections have explored L2 and multilingual contexts, focusing on learners of different ages and backgrounds in different contexts e. Miller ;Blockand there is every indication that this interest will continue to grow, qualitative research essay.
Observation and interviews, sometimes combined with discourse analysis, have also been used to study the process of classroom socialization in a variety of settings.
Qualitative approaches have also opened windows onto aspects of the classroom community e. Creese ;Duff and contributed to an improved understanding of pedagogic practice e. Pinter Multiple methods have also been used to explore aspects of classroom interaction. This seems to be an area with considerable scope for further exploration, but even more exciting is the recent growth of developmental studies.
Qualitative research has opened dimensions of insight into the processes of language teaching and learning, and developments in the new millennium promise even richer understandings in the future.
Qualitative and Quantitative Research
, time: 4:30(PDF) A Qualitative Research Essay | Deborah Sitorus - blogger.com
Qualitative Research Essays. essay samples found. Islamic Accounting Theories. CHAPTER 1: INTORUDCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Islamic banks considered as an active player in the world economies over two decades ago (Ahmed S., ). The principles accounting upon which Islamic banking is based have been universally accepted for A Qualitative Research Essay Deborah Sitorus Qualitative researchers are interested in understanding the meaning people have constructed, that is, how people make sense of their world and the experiences they have in the world · Introduction This essay describes the main aspects of relativist qualitative research in social psychology. Generalised comparisons will be considered between the methodology of relativist qualitative and experimental research, reflecting their different epistemology's (what can be known about human behaviour), via issues of validity, reliability and generalisability
No comments:
Post a Comment