16/3/ · Kyoto Protocol decided in to start negotiations for a protocol that would legally bind nations to reductions and limitations in greenhouse gas emissions (Congressional Research Service Report ). These negotiations took place in Kyoto, Japan and were completed in December of 23/1/ · The Kyoto Protocol was established in December as an agreement between over countries to set targets for the reduction of GHGs, and determined available options to achieve them. The Protocol includes three Kyoto Mechanisms, which are three market-based instruments that enable nations to but or earn credits The Kyoto Protocol is based on the principles and provisions of the Convention and follows its annex-based structure. It only binds developed countries, and places a heavier burden on them under the principle of “common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities”, because it recognizes that they are largely responsible for the current high levels of GHG
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The Kyoto Protocol was adopted on 11 December Owing to a complex ratification process, it entered into force on 16 February Currently, there are Parties to the Kyoto Protocol. In short, the Kyoto Protocol operationalizes the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases GHG emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets.
The Convention itself kyoto protocol essay asks kyoto protocol essay countries to adopt policies and measures on mitigation and to report periodically. The Kyoto Protocol is based on the principles and provisions of the Convention and follows its annex-based structure.
In its Annex Bthe Kyoto Protocol sets binding emission reduction targets for 37 industrialized countries and economies in transition and the European Union. Overall, these targets add up to an average 5 per cent emission reduction compared to levels over the five year period — the first commitment period.
In Doha, Qatar, kyoto protocol essay, on 8 Decemberthe Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol was adopted for a second commitment period, starting in and lasting until However, the Doha Amendment has not yet entered into force; a total of instruments of acceptance are required for entry into force of the amendment, kyoto protocol essay.
On 21 Decemberthe amendment was circulated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting in his capacity as Depositary, to all Parties to the Kyoto Protocol in accordance with Articles 20 and 21 of the Protocol.
During the first commitment period, 37 industrialized countries and economies in transition and the European Community committed to reduce GHG emissions to an average of five percent against levels. During the second commitment period, Parties committed to reduce GHG emissions kyoto protocol essay at least 18 percent below levels in the eight-year period from to ; however, the composition of Parties in the second commitment period is different from the first.
One important element of the Kyoto Protocol was the establishment of flexible market mechanisms, which are based on the trade of emissions permits. Under the Protocol, countries must meet their targets primarily through national measures. However, the Protocol also offers them an additional means to meet their targets by way of three market-based mechanisms :.
International Emissions Trading. Clean Development Mechanism CDM. Joint implementation JI. These mechanisms ideally encourage GHG abatement to start where it is most cost-effective, for example, in the developing world. It does not matter where emissions are reduced, as long as they are removed from the atmosphere. This has the parallel benefits of stimulating green investment in developing countries and including the private sector in this endeavour to cut and hold steady GHG emissions at a safe level.
It also makes leap-frogging—that is, the possibility of skipping the use of older, dirtier technology for newer, cleaner infrastructure and systems, with obvious longer-term benefits—more economical. The Kyoto Protocol also established a rigorous monitoring, review and verification system, as well as a compliance system to ensure transparency and hold Parties to account.
Kyoto protocol essay the Protocol, countries' actual emissions have to be monitored and precise records have to be kept of the trades carried out. Registry systems track and record transactions by Parties under the mechanisms. The UN Climate Change Secretariat, based in Bonn, Germany, kyoto protocol essay an international transaction log to verify that transactions are consistent with the rules of the Protocol.
Reporting is done by Parties by submitting annual emission inventories and national reports under the Protocol at regular intervals. A compliance system ensures that Parties are meeting their commitments and helps them to meet their commitments if they have problems doing kyoto protocol essay. Adaptation The Kyoto Protocol, kyoto protocol essay, like the Convention, is also designed to assist countries in adapting to the adverse effects of climate change.
It facilitates the development and deployment of technologies that can help increase resilience to the impacts of climate change. The Adaptation Fund was established to kyoto protocol essay adaptation projects and programmes in developing countries that are Parties to the Kyoto Protocol. In the first commitment period, the Fund was financed mainly with a share of proceeds from CDM project activities.
In Doha, init was decided that for the second commitment period, international emissions trading and joint implementation would also provide the Adaptation Fund with a 2 percent share of proceeds.
Process and meetings The Kyoto Protocol What is the Kyoto Protocol? What is the Kyoto Protocol? Doha Amendment.
Related documents, kyoto protocol essay. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Kyoto protocol essay Change. Kyoto Protocol Reference Manual on Accounting of Emissions and Assigned Amounts, kyoto protocol essay. Related links.
List of Parties to the Kyoto protocol essay Protocol. The Doha Amendment, kyoto protocol essay. Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol AWG-KP. Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action ADP, kyoto protocol essay.
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Kyoto Protocol Essay Words7 Pages Introduction In response to growing concerns over the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, many nations came together in to sign the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change () The Kyoto Protocol Essay Words | 4 Pages. combat this serious problem. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Its objective is to make nations that ratified the agreement reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases, or engage in emissions trading 23/1/ · The Kyoto Protocol was established in December as an agreement between over countries to set targets for the reduction of GHGs, and determined available options to achieve them. The Protocol includes three Kyoto Mechanisms, which are three market-based instruments that enable nations to but or earn credits
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